DNA replication is a process in which two
identical copies are created from one original DNA molecule. This process
occurs in all living organisms and provides the basis for inheritance. It is a
semiconservative process, meaning that each original serves as a template for
the production of a complementary strand.
The origin of replication is called
promoter. The replication fork is created by helicase, which breaks the strands
into two parts by breaking hydrogen bonds between nucleobases. There are two
parts of each strand, the leading strand and the lagging strand. Then, RNA
Primase comes in to create RNA that has a polar 3’ end. Its job is to help DNA
polymerase read since DNA polymerase is polar. DNA polymerase III creates new
nucleotides for the new strand of DNA. The bond in between the bases is a
phosphodiester bond. It is important to distinguish that DNA is read from 3’ to
5’, but its synthesized from 5’ to 3’. Afterwards, DNA Polymerase I comes to
replace RNA with DNA. However, the bond between these replaced DNA nucleotides
is still incomplete. These nucleotides are known as Okazaki fragments. Finally,
ligase glues DNA nucleotides together by phosphodiester bonds. This is the
process of DNA Replication.
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